the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. These texts are central to Hindu tradition and are considered both historical narratives and spiritual scriptures.
1. Ramayana
Attributed to Valmiki, the Ramayana tells the story of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, who embarks on a journey to rescue his wife, Sita, from the demon king Ravana. It explores themes of dharma (duty), devotion, and the ideal way of life.
2. Mahabharata
Traditionally ascribed to Vyasa, the Mahabharata is the longest epic in the world. It revolves around the Kurukshetra War between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, offering deep philosophical and moral discussions. The Bhagavad Gita, a revered scripture, is part of this epic.
These Itihasas are distinct from the Vedas but are considered smriti (remembered texts) and play a key role in shaping Hindu beliefs, ethics, and culture.